What Credit Score Do I Need for a Mortgage?
Your credit score is a key factor in which loan programs you qualify for and the rate you receive. Here's what to expect by loan type — and how to strengthen your score before applying.
Minimum scores by loan type
Conventional loans typically require a minimum score of 620. FHA loans often allow scores as low as 580 with 3.5% down (and sometimes 500–579 with 10% down). VA loans don't set a strict minimum but most lenders look for around 580. USDA loans typically require around 640. Higher scores generally unlock better rates and terms.
How your score affects your rate
Lenders price loans partly on credit risk. A higher credit score usually means a lower interest rate, which can save you thousands over the life of the loan. Even a modest score increase can improve your terms.
How to improve your score before applying
Pay every bill on time, pay down credit card balances to lower your utilization, avoid opening new accounts, and dispute any errors on your credit reports. Keep existing accounts open — closing older accounts can shorten your credit history and lower your score.
What to avoid during the mortgage process
Don't open new credit cards, take out auto loans, or make large purchases on credit between application and closing. Don't close existing accounts or change jobs if you can help it. Lenders often re-check your credit before closing, and changes can delay or derail your loan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I buy a house with a 580 credit score?
Yes, potentially. FHA loans often allow scores as low as 580 with a 3.5% down payment. Some lenders have additional requirements (overlays) above the FHA minimum, so the exact threshold can vary by lender.
Does checking my credit hurt my score?
Checking your own credit is a soft inquiry and does not affect your score. A lender's pre-approval credit check is a hard inquiry, which may cause a small, temporary dip. Multiple mortgage inquiries within a short window typically count as one for scoring purposes.
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